How to navigate the likelihood ratios for mitral regurgitation presented by the physical exam, particularly auscultation, are the focus of this episode of AP Cardiology with host Andrew Perry, MD, ...

The mitral valve controls the flow of blood from the heart’s left atrium down to the left ventricle, where it is pumped out to the body. When part of the valve doesn’t close properly, it’s called ...

This Journal feature begins with a case vignette highlighting a common clinical problem. Evidence supporting various strategies is then presented, followed by a review of formal guidelines, when they ...

An S4 heart sound cannot be present during atrial fibrillation (atrial kick is required). An S3 heart sound cannot be present in the setting of severe mitral stenosis. An S3 heart sound can be present ...

The mitral valve allows blood to flow from the left atrium of the heart into the left ventricle. Mitral regurgitation occurs when the mitral valve leaks blood back into the left atrium. A person’s ...

What are the three causes of holosystolic murmurs? The three main causes of holosystolic murmurs are mitral valve regurgitation, tricuspid valve regurgitation, and a ventricular septal defect. On rare ...

Mitral valve regurgitation is a heart condition that occurs when the mitral valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward into the left atrium. Symptoms do not always occur. When they ...

A 59-year-old female with exertional dyspnea and a loud holosystolic murmur at the apex presented with sinus rhythm. However, intermittent atrial fibrillation had been documented on previous occasions ...

To the Editor: The patient with functional mitral regurgitation discussed in the September 5 Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital is very similar to a patient we have studied. A ...