How to navigate the likelihood ratios for mitral regurgitation presented by the physical exam, particularly auscultation, are the focus of this episode of AP Cardiology with host Andrew Perry, MD, ...

What Is Mitral Valve Regurgitation? When your heart pumps blood, it’s supposed to follow a specific path in one direction. But sometimes, it goes the wrong way. Mitral valve regurgitation is when your ...

An S4 heart sound cannot be present during atrial fibrillation (atrial kick is required). An S3 heart sound cannot be present in the setting of severe mitral stenosis. An S3 heart sound can be present ...

All right-sided murmurs increase with inspiration (Carvallo sign). Many left-sided murmurs decrease with inspiration, but they may be very difficult to hear. Therefore, respiratory variation can help ...

The mitral valve controls the flow of blood from the heart’s left atrium down to the left ventricle, where it is pumped out to the body. When part of the valve doesn’t close properly, it’s called ...

What are the three causes of holosystolic murmurs? The three main causes of holosystolic murmurs are mitral valve regurgitation, tricuspid valve regurgitation, and a ventricular septal defect. On rare ...

The mitral valve allows blood to flow from the left atrium of the heart into the left ventricle. Mitral regurgitation occurs when the mitral valve leaks blood back into the left atrium. A person’s ...

This Journal feature begins with a case vignette highlighting a common clinical problem. Evidence supporting various strategies is then presented, followed by a review of formal guidelines, when they ...

Mitral valve prolapse is a common cause of a heart murmur caused by a "leaky" heart valve. Most cases of mitral valve prolapse are not serious and only need to be monitored. Mitral valve prolapse is ...

Mitral valve regurgitation is a heart condition that occurs when the mitral valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward into the left atrium. Symptoms do not always occur. When they ...

A 59-year-old female with exertional dyspnea and a loud holosystolic murmur at the apex presented with sinus rhythm. However, intermittent atrial fibrillation had been documented on previous occasions ...

How to navigate the likelihood ratios for mitral regurgitation presented by the physical exam, particularly auscultation, are the focus of this episode of AP Cardiology with host Andrew Perry, MD, ...